{"id":109329,"date":"2025-10-21T12:02:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T12:02:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/?p=109329"},"modified":"2025-10-21T17:04:05","modified_gmt":"2025-10-21T17:04:05","slug":"lead-poisoning-may-have-helped-modern-humans-triumph-over-neanderthals","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/lead-poisoning-may-have-helped-modern-humans-triumph-over-neanderthals\/","title":{"rendered":"Lead Poisoning May Have Helped Modern Humans Triumph Over Neanderthals"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">We think of lead poisoning as just damaging, but a new study suggests that periodic lead exposure might have given our ancient ancestors an advantage over Neanderthals.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Researchers analyzed 51 fossilized hominid teeth, which came from early Homo species, great apes, Neanderthals, and early <em>Homo sapiens.<\/em> All <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">are\u00a0<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">between 100,000 and 1.8 million years old. In these enamel and dentine layers, they found evidence of lead exposure in 73 percent of the specimens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Lead exposure is not <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">good<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> for us, but apparently, it was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/sciadv.adr1524\">even worse for our Neanderthal cousins<\/a>. The reason for this lies in a single gene called NOVA1. Modern humans carry a different version of NOVA1 than Neanderthals did. It differs by just a single base pair. The researchers recreated this difference in lab-grown brain cells. Some contained the modern human NOVA1 variant, others the older version that Neanderthals had.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_109332\" style=\"width: 760px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-109332\" class=\"size-full wp-image-109332\" src=\"https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/MuotriOrganoids-750px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"555\" srcset=\"https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/MuotriOrganoids-750px.png 750w, https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/MuotriOrganoids-750px-300x222.png 300w, https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/MuotriOrganoids-750px-700x518.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-109332\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alysson Muotri with the brain cells. Photo: Erik Jepsen\/UC San Diego<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Both sets of brains <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">were exposed<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> to levels of lead similar to what they found in the fossilized teeth. Those with the ancient Neanderthal version of NOVA1 all showed less neuron development and more damage to a particular gene that is key to speech and language skills.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">This suggests that the modern NOVA1 variant may have protected those parts of the brain responsible for language and communication. These traits <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">are widely believed to contribute to<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u00a0Homo sapiens\u2019 ultimate success. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">\u201cThese results suggest that our NOVA1 variant may have offered protection against the harmful neurological effects of lead,\u201d says co-author Alysson\u202f Muotri. \u201cLanguage is&#8230;our superpower. Because we have language, we <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">are able to<\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\"> organize society and exchange ideas, allowing us to coordinate large movements. There is no evidence that Neanderthals could do that.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_109330\" style=\"width: 760px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-109330\" class=\"size-full wp-image-109330\" src=\"https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/MuotriSkullProfilepic-750px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/MuotriSkullProfilepic-750px.png 750w, https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/MuotriSkullProfilepic-750px-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/MuotriSkullProfilepic-750px-700x467.png 700w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-109330\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alysson Muotri. Photo: Kyle Dykes\/UC San Diego Health Sciences<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Some scientists in this field still have doubts about the researchers&#8217; conclusions. Anthropologist Shara\u202f Bailey told <\/span><em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">Science<\/span><\/em><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">, \u201cThe evidence doesn\u2019t really convince me yet,\u201d since the study does not show that the exposure took place during childhood, when lead exposure would most likely impact brain development.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">The study&#8217;s researchers emphasize that this is not why Neanderthals went extinct. But it does give <\/span><span data-preserver-spaces=\"true\">insight into how environmental exposure and superior resistance might have affected us.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lead exposure is not good for us, but thanks to a single gene in our brains, it was apparently even worse for our Neanderthal cousins.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2117,"featured_media":109331,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[86],"coauthors":[142],"class_list":["post-109329","post","type-post","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-science"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Lead Poisoning May Have Helped Modern Humans Triumph Over Neanderthals &#187; Explorersweb<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Lead exposure is not good for us, but thanks to a single gene in our brains, it was apparently even worse for our Neanderthal cousins.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/explorersweb.com\/lead-poisoning-may-have-helped-modern-humans-triumph-over-neanderthals\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lead Poisoning May Have Helped Modern Humans Triumph Over Neanderthals &#187; 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